Plant trees and save earth : Forests and Climate Change

 

Hi friends
I am doing Wold Bank MOOC course on Turn Down the heat: Why a 4 degree world should be avoided?

This page is created to display my final project for other course participants and evaluators.

Pl see and give your suggestions.

Sincerely,

Satyasai

 

In the artifact given here, I tried to show that forest cover acts as umbrella to mother earth to protect from CO2.  Mother earth can happily smile once forests take care of the emissions and carbon sequestration.  Plant trees and save earth from climate change.

Forests have profound impact on climate change and climate change affects in turn forest cover.  However, annual deforestation is estimated to release CO2 in more qualtity than annual emissions from transport system.  Forests act as carbon sinks and help in absorbing CO2 in large quantities due to photosynthesis.  Also, forest cover gives shade that reduce soil temperature.  The continued existence of forests is important to prevent vicious cycle of rising temperatures –melting ice cap –release of GHG-which leads to temperature rise. 

As global warming proceeds the forest ecosystems have to move to more suitable locations as the existing locations become less suitable.  It is estimated that with increased global temperatures by 3 degree by 2100, the forest ecosystemes are likely to shift 500 km towards poles and 500 m to higher alitiudes.    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that suitable climate are projected to shift in future and many tree species will not be able to change their geographic distribution fast enough to keep up with such shifts.  Often due to limited capability for the dispersal of seeds of several tree species, the composition of the forest ecosytems is likely to change.

Trees or lack of them, hence, makes a difference to our mother earth. Increased forest cover, thus, helps reduce mitigate global warming effects by acting as carbon sinks and reducing CO2 emissions that would otherwise occur from degradation or deforestation.

Communication is power

Communication is power. Whoever can communicate effectively can wield power.  Most successful people are not really more knowledgeable. But they could communicate well. Obama or Osama are good communicators. And succeeded.  Remember Obama won first time only because he could communicate the hope to the people.  Just 2297 words in 17 minutes and 33 interruptions through applauses.. in his key note address in democratic national convention 2004, overnight he became favourite. Obama is placed on the some pedestal as of Rusevelt.  Mr.Green explained five secrets of good communication talking Obama as the model.   One can Google and get his booklet.

We heard information is power.  But mere info can not get u anything if you cannot communicate it effectively.

Maha kumbh

We visited Allahabad and had a Holy dip. Really amazing to see the set of humanity and the spirit of Indian people. There was a system working we there was an order in people walking to and to the Ganges, taking the dip, etc. There was no body regulating people anywhere. Still the was no confusion either around the place or on people's faces.  Hats off to the spirit of my country's common man.

India's Hunger Index is 23 - nothing to cheer!

India's Hunger Index is 23 and ranked 65 in the world!

Do Your Job

You all know the story of donkey and dog and the washerman.  When dog refuses to act on thief's arrival due to his own resentment towards management (read washerman), donkey assumes additional role and brays aloud disturbing management's slumber.  Management was angry with donkey for transgressing the roles and broke its back.   But the story was retold somewhere and  managements in modern times rewards donkeys (no pun).  That is, professionals can take roles of professionals of other disciplines and generalists can fill all the space usually specialists are expected to occupy.  Anybody can do anything.  Moreover, they dominate and out maneuver the left over professionals who still stick to their jobs!

Today morning I tweeted that 

All organisations reflect the prevailing macro setting in the country. A pious organisation in a corrupt country? No way!!!

Then I read a column by Pratap Bhanu Mehta, CPR, Delhi on 

Jack out of the box in Indian Express
Link is here: http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jack-out-of-the-box/986173/3 

The crux of the article in author's own words: Indian discourse, whether in government or outside, is too dominated by generalists: people who can not only transgress their role, but who think they can take on any role.

Else where he writes: 

A society not governed by a sense of professional identities will indeed resemble a group of headless chicken running in all directions. It will be a society where, in the guise of deference to eminence, genuine expertise will be devalued; it will be a society where the credibility of institutions will be subordinate to the authority of perceived virtue; it will be a society where people seek recognition not in their own jobs, but their ability to act as superior to other professions; it will be a society that is not mobilising the talents of its citizens to the fullest because it does not value their core competence.

....... It may turn out that social change may not require hoary calls for “total revolution”. It is better served by a rather less enchanted, more difficult, but more prosaic slogan. Simply put: Do your job.

You can easily identify ourselves and organisations we work with the phenomenon Mehta is describing.  In fact, he was contextualising and giving perspective to Ram Devji's foray into politics.

Now you can relate  my tweet with the Mehta's  message !!!

Agriculture over next decade

Dr.K.J.S.Satyasai
Faculty member, BIRD, Lucknow

Have you wondered how raising oil prices impact prospects of agriculture?  The cost of cultivation is likely to increase due to higher energy costs. Even if fuel prices are subsidized the pressures of that subsidy would be mounting ultimately leading to pressures on agricultural growth. On the other hand, growing oil prices would spur diversion of grains for biofuel production building in pressures on the prices.  Think of US diverting 40 per cent of its corn production to ethanol production. The recently released OECD – FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021 projected that 6.3 billion gallons of ethanol would be traded every year between US and Brazil, the two pre-eminent producers in the world by 2021.  Biofuels are based mainly on agricultural feedstocks and are expected to consume a growing share of the global production of sugarcane (34%), vegetable oil (16%), and coarse grains (14%) by 2021.

U.S. ethanol expansion has raised corn prices as per one estimate prices would have been 21% lower in 2010 without the rising demand from U.S. ethanol.  This has increased costs of imports for Mexico that imports one-third of its corn between $1.5 and $3.2 billion from 2006-11.  This cost is ten-to-twenty times the amount the Mexico spends on its productivity program (MasAgro) for small-scale corn farmers.  Imagine the plight of Mexicans whose staple diet is corn tortillas accounting for 40% of calories consumed in the country.  The impact naturally spreads to meat and dairy prices too due to high feed costs.  This is only an example. Other countries, especially those dependent on food-imports, also will be equally affected.  The growing biofuel economy would increase the prices of sugar across the globe and absorb larger share of crop production.  

Already, the world is under the surge of growing prices from which there does not seem to be any respite in near future, when the report points out that ‘prices have come off recent peaks, but food price inflation remains a concern in developing countries.’   Agricultural prices are likely to remain on a higher plateau.  Despite the upward trending prices, resource constraints and high costs would limit production growth.  Global agricultural output growth slowed down over time and is likely to decline from 2.0 per cent over several decades to 1.7 per cent during next decade.  Average growth during past decade and the next one is given in Figure 1.

Developing countries continue to dominate market developments and emerging economies would play a larger role in expanding world trade in agriculture.  Processed foods, proteins and fats show higher growth rates in consumption because of changing diets. Fisheries sector is likely to would grow at 15 per cent per annum and aquaculture would surpass capture fisheries as a primary source of fish consumption. Meat consumption expands in developing countries due to income effect. Poultry meat will lead this anticipated growth as the cheapest and most accessible source of meat protein, overtaking pigmeat as the largest meat sector by the end of the outlook period. Developing countries would become most important milk producers.  Projected growth of various commodities is given in Figure 2.

Significant agricultural production increase needed to satisfy future global food needs. Sustainable productivity improvement is the key to meeting rising demand.  Productivity improvements will be a key factor in reducing global food insecurity. 

Given the Outlook, the role of governments becomes critical both in framing domestic policies as well negotiating in international fora.  It also should help the stakeholders in agriculture and rural development to realign strategies and strengthen value chains that can help tap the emerging potential,  while insuring against adverse trends.

[The write up is based on the OECD/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2012), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012, OECD Publishing. doi: 10.1787/agr_outlook-2012-en.]